Veteran goalkeeper Gianluigi Buffon reclaimed the starting berth for Juve, who had Cristiano Ronaldo leading the line as Inter recalled Christian Eriksen and Lautaro Martinez.
Inter looked to level the overall scores midway in the first half with a glancing header from Romelu Lukaku off a free-kick by Eriksen, but it went off target.
The Nerazzurri went close again as a cross-cum shot from Eriksen moments later gave Martinez the chance to gather possession and take aim, but Buffon stood tall.
Ronaldo could've secured a third in the overall tie for himself and his team with a near post strike from a promising area late in the half, but was denied by Inter goalkeeper Samir Handanovic.
Inter maintained pressure seven minutes from the start of the second half with a curling strike from the cusp of the area by Achraf Hakimi off a pass by Barella shaving the top.
Antonio Conte turned focus to the bench in the 58th minute and introduced Ivan Perisic, who replaced Matteo Darmian.
Handanovic denied Ronaldo once again six minutes later with a close-range save from an equally close-range attempt as the Nerazzurri left themselves exposed at the back.
Ronaldo didn't give up and instead used his trickery 20 minutes from time to get a sight of goal following a delivery from Juan Cuadrado, but he was once again denied by Handanovic.
Inter failed to carve any joy late on, as Handanovic made an excellent stop to deny Dejan Kulusevski from point-blank range, thus it finished goalless with Juventus into the final.
